Numerous studies have established an association between our environment and the state of our health. Recent studies are now indicating a link between the built environment and overweight and obesity. Unplanned communities can impact people's decision to engage in physical activity and can result in citizens' increased body mass.

United States studies have found that areas with more bus routes, trains and other means of transportation lend themselves to increased walking by commuters and that people living in these areas showed lower body mass index than others living in areas where personal transportation is the main mode of travel. These urban environments also have a high density of fast-food stores and few green groceries which limit the opportunity for healthy meal choices.

low stroke incidence

Data from an ongoing study called Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Texas, presented at the American Stroke Association International Conference 2009, found that neighbourhoods with fewer fast-food restaurants had lower incidence of stroke. They concluded that there is a significant association between fast-food restaurants and stroke risk, but say more studies are needed to unravel the link. They are not sure if it has to do with the direct consumption of fast foods or the reduced intake of healthy alternatives.

Take a holistic approach

In my opinion, there are two main messages from this study for policy makers and individuals:

1 There should be a holistic approach to town planning which includes not only housing solutions and the creation of economic opportunities but the health of all members of the population throughout the life cycle, including able-bodied and physically and mentally challenged people. There should be strict zoning laws to guide planning and diligent monitoring and swift penalties for breaches.

2 Individuals must also take responsibility for their health. You need to plan days ahead of time, including physical activity and making healthy dining options based on your schedules and locations. When you are away from home, you should still follow your physical activity and meal routines.

Take along your sneakers, skipping rope and workout clothes. Your short-term lodging should be in a location where there is opportunity for physical activity. Investigate, before leaving home, if there are healthy options for eating nearby. If there is a small refrigerator and/or microwave in the room, you can consider taking your own meals.

If you have to eat at fast-food restaurants which offer high-calorie, high-fat, high-sugar options, be informed and make the most healthy choices. Some of these restaurants sell salads with a protein such as grilled chicken breast. You can make the sauces optional and choose water as your drink. Others have jerked and roasted options although the seasoning is high in sodium and the rice serving may be large but you should exercise some willpower.

Although our environment is a great challenge to our health, it is our responsibility to fight back and preserve our best asset.

Rosalee M. Brown is a registered dietitian/nutritionist who operates Integrated Nutrition and Health Services; email: yourhealth@gleanerjm.com.